MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF REPARATIVE OSTEOGENESIS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS

Fishchenko V. O., Riaboshapko O. M.

MORPHOLOGY

Scentific article

Treatment of reparative osteogenesis disorders is a pressing medical and social issue in modern orthopedics and traumatology. In addition to bone fracture stabilization by means of osteosynthesis and autotransplantation, bone regeneration can be improved through the use of stem cell technology. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of reparative osteogenesis dynamics with local mesenchymal stem cells introduction in the bone defect area in experimental animals. Wistar rats were divided into control and experimental groups, each group containing 32 rats. Materials for histological examination, which are bone fragments of the tibia, were collected on days 7, 14, 21 and 28. Morphological investigation involved examination of structural changes of all the bone components (trabecular component of the affected bone tissue, its fibrous structures, bone marrow, perifocal soft tissues) in the fracture area in conditions of a reactive inflammatory process. The rats of the control group received no treatment while the rats of the experimental group were introduced mesenchymal stem cells, obtained from human Wharton’s jelly. Histological examination of tissues from the tibia fracture site revealed that on day 7 in rats of the experimental group except erythrocytes there were much more mononuclear cells, macrophages, mesenchymal fibroblast-like cells, poorly differentiated and undifferentiated cells than in rats of the control group. On day 14 of fracture treatment, signs of endosteal and periosteal bone regenerate formation were found between the bone fragments. On day 21, in rats of the experimental group there were signs of bone fusion through the formation of endosteal, periosteal and intermediate bone callus while the bone tissue was more mature. On day 28, the process of bone tissue formation through enchondral ossification was noted at the site of fibrocartilage callus. Bone regenerate reformation was found to be much more intensive in the experimental group than in the control group. Conclusion. Rats of the experimental group with the introduction of mesenchymal stem cells, obtained from human Wharton’s jelly, had reliably better quality indicators of reparative osteogenesis than rats of the control group.

reparative osteogenesis,experiment,mesenchymal stem cells,fracture,bone

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«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 1 (168), 2023 year, 331-342 pages, index UDK 611.018.4:572.7:612.08

10.29254/2077-4214-2023-1-168-331-342