MODES OF MASS TRANSFER OF OXYGEN IN THE BODY OF UNTRAINED TEENAGERS AND MEN DURING DYNAMIC MUSCLE ACTIVITY

Komolafe D. O., Filippov M. M.

BIOLOGY

Scentific article

Physiological processes and factors that can limit the maximum oxygen consumption (MOC) and physical performance are considered on the basis of a complex analysis of the modes of oxygen mass transfer (OMT) in the body of untrained teenagers and adult men. The purpose of the study was to characterize the physiological mechanisms that limit MOC and related work capacity in teenagers and adult men, to compare the characteristics of OMT in the body with the rate of its consumption, and to study the mechanisms that ensure this process. 10 untrained teenagers aged 15-16 and 18 untrained adult men aged 20-27 were examined using modern methods to determine oxygen consumption, oxygen transport function of blood and its components. It is shown that the OMT in untrained teenagers do not reach the same maximum values as in adult men. This, in turn, limits the ability to achieve the maximum power of mechanical work observed in adults. The impossibility of increasing the minute volume of blood (MBV) in teenagers to such values as in adults makes it difficult to supply oxygen to working tissues. Moreover, the maximum IOC does not reach the values of adults in adolescents due to the impossibility of increasing the systolic blood volume, although their heart rate did not differ much (p>0.25). It has been established that in the process of age development there is an increase in the oxygen effects of the respiratory and cardiac cycles, the values of ventilation and hemodynamic equivalents decrease, the efficiency of the OMT increases and the efficiency of the functioning of the cardiorespiratory system increases. At age 3, when working with MOCs, the arterio-venous difference in oxygen and the coefficients of its use in the lungs and utilization by tissues from the blood increase, which leads to a decrease in the content of oxygen and pO2 in mixed venous blood. Less efficiency and cost-effectiveness of OMT, and, especially, the course of the recovery period indicate a worse quality of OMT regulation in adolescents. Thanks to the coordinated functioning of the body’s physiological systems, the efficiency ratio is higher in adults, the oxygen cost of the performed mechanical work is reduced, and physical capacity is increased.

oxygen,maximum oxygen consumption,oxygen transport function of blood

1. Christensen PM, Jacobs RA, Bonne T, Flück D, Bangsbo J, Lundby C. A short period of high-intensity interval training improves skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics. J Appl Physiol. 2016 Jun 1;120(11):1319-27. DOI: 10.1152/ japplphysiol.00115.2015. 
2. Ji LL, Yeo D, Kang C, Zhang T. The role of mitochondria in redox signaling of muscle homeostasis. J Sport Health Sci. 2020 Sep;9(5):386- 393. DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.01.001.
3. Montero D, Lundby C. Refuting the myth of non-response to exercise training: ‘non-responders’ do respond to higher dose of training. J Physiol. 2017 Jun 1;595(11):3377-3387. DOI: 10.1113/JP273480.
4. Mollica JP, Dutka TL, Merry TL, Lamboley CR, McConell GK, McKenna MJ, et al. S-glutathionylation of troponin I (fast) increases contractile apparatus Ca2+ sensitivity in fast-twitch muscle fibres of rats and humans. J Physiol. 2012 Mar 15;590(6):1443-63. DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2011.224535.
5. Egan B, Zierath JR. Exercise metabolism and the molecular regulation of skeletal muscle adaptation. Cell Metab. 2013 Feb 5;17(2):162- 84. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet. 2012.12.012. 
6. Sies H. Oxidative stress: a concept in redox biology and medicine. Redox Biol. 2015;4:180-3. DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.01.002.
7. Cardinale DA, Ekblom B. Hyperoxia for performance and training. J Sports Sci. 2018 Jul;36(13):1515-1522. DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1398893. 
8. Stickland MK, Lindinger MI, Olfert IM, Heigenhauser GJ, Hopkins SR. Pulmonary gas exchange and acid-base balance during exercise. Compr Physiol. 2013 Apr;3(2):693-739. DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c110048.
9. Kasper K. Sports Training Principles. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2019 Apr;18(4):95-96. DOI: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000576.
10. Giada F, Biffi A, Agostoni P, Anedda A, Belardinelli R, Carlon R, et al. Exercise prescription for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases: part I. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2008 May;9(5):529-44. DOI: 10.2459/JCM. 0b013e3282f7ca77.
11. Hepple RT. The role of O2 supply in muscle fatigue. Can J Appl Physiol. 2002 Feb;27(1):56-69. DOI: 10.1139/h02-004.
12. Starr I. Clinical Tests of the Simple Method of Estimating Cardiac Stroke Volume from Blood Pressure and Age. Circulation. 1954;9(5):664- 681. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.9.5.664.
13. Kolchinskaya AZ. Kislorodnye rezhimy organizma. rebenka i podrostka. Kiev: Zdorov’ya; 1973. 320 s. [in Ukrainian].
14. Dexheimer JD, Schroeder ET, Sawyer BJ, Pettitt RW, Aguinaldo AL, Torrence WA. Physiological Performance Measures as Indicators of Performance. Sports (Basel). 2019 Apr 22;7(4):93. DOI: 10.3390/sports7040093.
15. Armstrong N, van William M. Pediatric Exercise Science and Medicine. J Sports Sci Med. 2009 Dec 1;8(4):716.
16. Gros G, Wittenberg BA, Jue T. Myoglobin’s old and new clothes: from molecular structure to function in living cells. J Exp Biol. 2010 Aug 15;213(Pt 16):2713-25. DOI: 10.1242/jeb.043075.
17. Zorrilla S, Hink MA, Visser AJ, Lillo MP. Translational and rotational motions of proteins in a protein crowded environment. Biophys Chem. 2007 Feb;125(2-3):298-305. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2006.09.003.
18. Tang JE, Phillips SM. Maximizing muscle protein anabolism: the role of protein quality. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2009 Jan;12(1):66- 71. DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e32831cef75.
19. Narici MV, Maffulli N. Sarcopenia: characteristics, mechanisms and functional significance. Br Med Bull. 2010;95:139-59. DOI: 10.1093/ bmb/ldq008.
20. Takakura H, Furuichi Y, Yamada T, Jue T, Ojino M, Hashimoto T, et al. Endurance training facilitates myoglobin desaturation during muscle contraction in rat skeletal muscle. Sci Rep. 2015 Mar 24;5:9403. DOI: 10.1038/srep09403.

«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 1 (168), 2023 year, 86-91 pages, index UDK 612.74.,612.886.,612.776.1.,612.1:796

10.29254/2077-4214-2023-1-168-86-91