TOXIC EFFECTS OF SODIUM GLUTAMATE ON THE PANCREAS

Litvak Y. V.

MORPHOLOGY

Scentific article

Introduction. Monosodium glutamate is widely used in the food industry as a supplement to products. However, there is still no evidence base for its benefits or harms. Most experimental studies have proven to disrupt metabolism, which increases the risk of metabolic syndrome and obesity in humans, affecting various organs and systems. However, most studies have been conducted on neonatal rats noting the effects of sodium glutamate on changes in internal organs and metabolic indicators of the body. The pancreas plays an important role in the body of animals and humans, which prompts the research in determining the negative effects of various factors, including monosodium glutamate on mature animals. Purpose of work. To study morphological changes in the exo- and endocrine part of the pancreas of young rats after adding sodium glutamate to the diet. Object and Methods of Study. The study was carried out on 20 white male rats 2.5-3 months of age, with a live weight of (250.0 ± 5.0) g. Ten rats (experiment) were daily supplemented with 70 mg/kg of monosodium glutamate in the diet to enhance taste preferences; 10 rats were included in the control group. The study was performed at week 4 and 8 using histological methods (light and electron microscopy). Analysis of results. The data we obtained indicate the toxic effects of 70 mg/kg of sodium humate on the pancreas. Edema, overgrowth of connective and fatty tissue, inflammatory infiltrates, violation of acini histostructure, death of exocrinocytes by apoptosis or lysis, degenerative changes of membrane organelles in cytoplasm were noted in exocrine part. Pancreatic ducts in pancreatic stroma were enlarged and overfilled with fluid. There were revealed changes in Langerhans islets: presence of small islets with decreased density of alpha- and beta-cells as well as decrease of granules density in cytoplasm. There was noted overgrowth of connective tissue around sinusoids, impaired blood supply. The results of the study showed that sodium glutamate has a toxic effect on the state of the pancreas, both endocrine and exocrine parts.

sodium glutamate,pancreas,histology,rats

1. Kіnash OV, Eroshenko GA, Shevchenko KV, Lisachenko OD, Donec’ ІM, Kіnash PM, et al. Vpliv glutamatu natrіyu na organіzm lyudini і Vіsnik problem bіologії і medicini. 2021;3(161):49-52. DOI: 10.29254/2077-4214-2021-3-161-49-52. [in Ukrainian].
2. Konopel’nyuk VV, Pribit’ko ІYu, Ciryuk OІ, Falalєєva TM. Patofіzіologіchna harakteristika eksperimental’noi modelі ozhirіnnya u samic’ shchurіv, viklikanoi neonatal’nim vvedennyam glutamatu natrіyu. Science Rise: Biological Science. 2016;3(3):14-18. DOI: 15587/2519- 8025.2016.83570. [in Ukrainian].
3. Pal’tov EV, Іvasіvka HP, Pan’kіv MV. Mіfi і real’nіst’ pro vpliv glutamatu. Kompіlyacіya naukovih danih suchasnoї svіtovoї lіteraturi. 2021;15(1):7-21. [in Ukrainian].
4. Boonnate P, Waraasawapati S, Hipkaeo W, Pethlert S, Sharma A, Selmi C, et Monosodium glutamate dietary consumption decreases pancreatic β-cell mass in adult wistar rats. PLoS One. 2015;10(6):e0131595. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone. 0131595.
5. Falalyeyeva TM, Leschenko IV, Beregova TV, Lazaetnko LM, Savchuk OM, Sichel LM, et Probiotic strains of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria alter pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines production in rats with monosodium glutamate-induced obesity. Fiziol zhurn. 2017;63(1):17-25. DOI: 10.15407/fz63.01.017. [in Ukrainian].
6. Leshchenko ІV, Shevchuk VG, Falaleeva TM, Beregova TV. Vpliv trivalogo vvedennya glutamatu natriyu na strukturu pіdshlunkovoi zalozi shchurіv. Fіzіol 2012;58(2):59-65. [in Ukrainian].
7. Savchenyuk OA, Vіrchenko OV, Falaleeva TM, Beregova TV, Babenko LP, Lazarenko LM, et al. Rozvitok eksperimental’nogo ozhirіnnya u shchurіv, viklikanogo dієyu glutamatu natrіyu, na tlі vvedennya probіotikіv. Fіzіol 2014;60(2):63-69. [in Ukrainian].
8. Nagata M, Suzuki W, Iizuka S, Tabuchi M, Maruyama H, Takeda S, et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese mouse model induced by monosodium Exp Anim. 2006;55(2):109-115. DOI: 10.1538/expanim.55.109.
9. Ruc’ka AV, Krinic’ka ІYa, Marushchak MІ. Pokazniki vіl’noradikal’nogo okisnennya v shchurіv za umovi \»pasivnogo tyutyunokurіnnya\» na tlі trivalogo vvedennya glutamatu natrіyu u statevomu і vіkovomu aspektah. Medichna ta klіnіchna hіmіya. 2017;19(4):115-122. DOI: 11603/mcch.2410-681X.2017. v0.i4.8434. [in Ukrainian].
10. Banerjee A, Mukherjee S, Maji BK. Worldwide flavor enhancer monosodium glutamate combined with high lipid diet provokes metabolic alterations and systemic anomalies: An Toxicol Rep. 2021 Apr 29;8:938-961. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.04.009.
11. Ruc’ka AV, Gec’ko NV, Krinic’ka ІYa. Toksichnij vpliv glutamatu natrіyu na zhivij organіzm (oglyad literaturi). Medichna ta klіnіchna hіmіya. 2017;19(1):119-127. DOI: 11603/mcch.2410-681X.2017.v0.i1.7685. [in Ukrainian].
12. Mateshuk-Vaceba LR, Garapko TV, Kirik HA, Blishchak NB, Primachenko VІ, Pіdval’na UE, ta in, vynakhidnyky; Lʹvivsʹkyy natsionalʹnyy medychnyy universytet imeni Danyla Halytsʹkoho, patentovlasnyk. Sposіb modelyuvannya eksperimental’nogo alіmentarnogo ozhirіnnya oposeredkovanim vplivom glutamatu natrіyu. Patent Ukrainy № 2020 Ver 10. [in Ukrainian].
13. Nair AB, Jacob S. A simple practice guide for dose conversion between animals and human. J Basic Clin Pharm. 2016;7(2):27-31. DOI: 4103/0976-0105. 177703.
14. Verkhovna Rada Ukrainy. Evropeiska konventsiia pro zakhyst khrebetnykh tvaryn, shcho vykorystovuiutsia dlia doslidnukh ta inshykh naukovykh tsilei. Strasburh, 18 bereznia 1986 roku: ofitsiinyi pereklad. Kyiv: Parlamentske vydavnytstvo; 2000. Dostupno: http://zakon2. gov.ua/laws/show/994_137. [in Ukrainian].
15. Verkhovna Rada. Nakaz Ministerstva osvity i nauky, molodi ta sportu Ukrainy № 249 vid 01.03.2012 «Pro zatverdzhennia Poriadku provedennia naukovymy ustanovamy doslidiv, eksperymentiv na tvarynakh». Kyiv: Ofitsiinyi visnyk Ukrainy; 2019;24:82. Dostupno: https:// rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0416-12. [in Ukrainian].
16. Uikli Elektronnaya mikroskopiya dlya nachinayushchikh. Moskva: Izdatel’stvo Mir; 1975. 336 s.
17. Fukushima D, Doi H, Fukushima K, Katsura K, Ogawa N, Sekiguchi S, et Glutamate exocrine dynamics augmented by plasma glutamine and the distribution of amino acid transporters of the rat pancreas. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2010 Jun;61(3):265-271.
18. Pyrina I, Chung KJ, Michailidou Z, Koutsilieris M, Chavakis T, Chatzigeorgiou A. Fate of Adipose Progenitor Cells in Obesity-Related Chronic Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020;8:664. DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00644.

«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 1 (168), 2023 year, 315-324 pages, index UDK 577.112.384

10.29254/2077-4214-2023-1-168-315-324