INFLUENCE OF IONIZING RADIATION AND HEAVY METALS ON ORGANISMS WITH THE IMPACT OF MODELING EFFECTS AND RADIATION HORMESIS

Ostrovskaya S. S., Krizhanovsky D. G., Trushenko O. S., Shevchenko I. F., Gerasimchuk P. G., Konovalova O. S.

LITERATURE REVIEWS

Scentific article

The review of the literature shows the adaptive response of living organisms to the influence of radiation in combination with the impact of heavy metals. The biological response to a weak initial action of negative environmental factors induces protective mechanisms against further harmful, stronger effects. A typical example is the combined influence of low doses of gamma radiation (GR) and heavy metals (HM), including lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd), many aspects of which remain unclear. The presence of the ability of GR to increase the resistance of plants to various abiotic stresses, including cold, drought, moisture, heat, soil salinity (NaCI) and the impact of HM (radiation hormesis effect) is confirmed. The stress mechanism from HM mitigated by GR was demonstrated on Arabidopsis thaliana seed sprouts after 60Co irradiation at doses from 25 to 150 Gy and subsequent exposure to 75 µMCdCl2 or 500 µMPb (NO3)2 and on seed sprouts of mountain barley irradiated in doses from 50 to 300 Gy, and exposure to the same doses of metals. In both cases, GR at a dose of 50 Gy had the most favorable effect on the germination index and root length. GR alleviated the oxidative stress caused by HM by modulating physiological reactions and the expression level of genes associated with resistance to HM in plants, which increased the basic antioxidant capacity to overcome oxidative stress caused by further exposure to Pb/Cd and strengthened tolerance to HM. In studies on the fungi Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus niger van Tieghem, Penicillium cyclopium Westling, the potential of GR in increasing resistance to HM was also emphasized. GR decreased the number of apoptosis signals in the cells of Danio fish embryos exposed to Cd. An antagonistic multiple stressor effect between GR and Cd has been demonstrated due to the induction of GR and an adaptive reaction against the further impact of Cd. As an alternative strategy, GR can provide a potentially feasible way to improve yield in soils contaminated with HM. Advantages, possible mechanisms, current state and future directions of phytoremediation of soils contaminated with HM and a new stage of bioremediation as a complex of methods of cleaning of various spheres of the environment from HM using the metabolic potential of biological objects: plants, fungi, insects, worms and other organisms are considered .

heavy metals; gamma radiation,combined influence,modeling effect,radiation hormesis.

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«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 4 (167), 2022 year, 84-91 pages, index UDK 614.876:54-78:577(048.8)

10.29254/2077-4214-2022-4-167-84-91