COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF THE INFLUENCE OF CADMIUM CHLORIDE ON RAT EMBRYOGENESIS AT DIFFERENT TERMS OF PREGNANCY

Kolosova I. I., Rudenko E. N., Lyulko I. V., Topka E. G., Kosse V. A. Filippov Yu. A., Alekseenko Z. K.

MORPHOLOGY

Scentific article

The prenatal period of development is a key period for the state of health of the organism during not only early ontogenesis, but also throughout later life. The natural normal course of embryogenesis can be triggered by many environmental factors that can adversely affect the cell level, alter tissue differentiation, and often lead to malformations. In the embryogenesis of humans and animals there are 2 critical periods: the first – preimplantation, the second – the period of organogenesis. Exposure to a pathogenic agent in the first critical period can lead to death or abnormalities of a general nature (developmental delay, reduced viability of the embryo); injuries inflicted in the second critical period cause morphological changes in a particular organ, combined with anomalies of general development. In this case, the earlier the harmful factor acts, the greater the changes occurring in the embryo. According to many researchers, heavy metals play a negative role among harmful exogenous factors that negatively affect the course of pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. Increased accumulation of cadmium, zinc, chromium, lead, manganese and copper salts in soil and drinking water has been found in some districts of Dnipropetrovsk region, which can be in various combinations and concentrations and cause adverse effects on public health. The results of experimental influence of low doses of cadmium chloride (1.0 mg/kg and 2.0 mg/kg) in isolated intragastric administration on the general course of rat em- bryogenesis are presented. The operative slaughter took place on the 13th, 19th and 20th days of gestation. Analysis of the results shows a pronounced embryotoxic effect of cadmium chloride on the processes of embryogenesis, which is a significant increase in overall embryonic mortality, preimplantation and postimplantation mortality compared with the control group on all studied terms of embryogenesis. A more pronounced embryotoxic effect was found in the group of isolated action of cadmium chloride at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg. In our opinion, it is promising to detect and compare the degree of cadmium accumulation in embryonic organs by polyelement analysis and histological examination of the small intestine of embryos, which will help detect changes at the tissue level and may explain the level of embryonic mortality.

embryogenesis, embryonic mortality, cadmium chloride, experiment.

1. Golikov RA, Surzhikov DV, Kislitsyina VV, Shtayger VA. Vliyanie zagryazneniya okruzhayuschey sredy i na zdorove naseleniya (obzor literatury). Nauchnoe obozrenie. Meditsinskie nauki. 2017;5:20-31. [in Russian].
2. Koshel AIu. Vplyv navkolyshnoho seredovyshcha na zdorovia liudyny. V: Tytarenko VP, Khlopov AM, redactory. Zbirnyk nauk. prats Vseuk. nauk.-prakt. konf., prysviachenoi Vsesvitnomu Dniu tsyvilnoi oborony ta Vsesvitnomu Dniu okhorony pratsi Bezpeka zhyttia i diialnosti liudyny: teoriia ta praktyka; 2019 Kvit 25-26; Poltava. Poltava: PNPU; 2019. s. 477-84. [in Ukrainian].
3. Shatorna VF, Nefodova OO, Harets VI, Halperin OI, Deforzh HV, Hruzd VV, et al. Eksperymentalne vyznachennia vplyvu tsytrativ metaliv na embriotoksychnist solei kadmiiu v embriohenezi shchura. Svit medytsyny ta biolohii. 2019;2:210-4. [in Ukrainian].
4. Kroi’k GA. (2011). Toxicological aspects of accumulation and distribution of heavy metals in soils of industrial agglomerations. Materialy VI Mizhnarodnoi’ naukovoi’ konferencii Bioriznomanittja ta rol’ tvaryn v ekosystemah; 2011; Dnipropetrovs’k. Dnipropetrovs’k: Vyd-vo DNU; 2011. s. 15-18. [in Ukrainian].
5. Nefʹodova OO, Zadesenetsʹ IP, Halʹperin OI. Vlyyanye soedynenyy kadmyya y svyntsa na morfohenez vnutrennykh orhanov v ontoheneze. Visnyk problem biolohiyi i medytsyny. 2017;43(141):61-6. [in Russiаn].
6. Fan Y, Zhao X, Yu J, Xie J, Li C, Liu D, et al. Lead-induced oxidative damage in rats/mice: A meta-analysis. Jour Trace Elem MedBiol. 2020;58:126443.
7. Genchi G, Sinicropi MS, Lauria G, Carocci A, Catalano A. The Effects of Cadmium Toxicity. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(11):3782.
8. Salomeina NV, Mashak SV, Dyakon VV, Kolmakova OA, Ohotina AA. Morfologicheskie izmeneniya pecheni beremennyih kryis priv vedenii razlichnyih doz kadmiya. Journal of Siberian Medical Sciences. 2015;3:92. [in Russian].
9. Adamczyk-Szabela D, Lisowska K, Romanowska-Duda Z, Wolf WM. Combined cadmium-zinc interaction salter manganese, lead, copper uptake by Melissa officinalis. SciRep. 2020;10(1):1675.
10. Thévenod F, Lee W. Toxicology of cadmium and its damage to mammalian organs. Metal Ionsin Life Sciences. 2013;11:415-90.

«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 3 (161), 2021 year, 258-262 pages, index UDK 612.3:591.39:661.852:661.782-092.9с

10.29254/2077-4214-2021-3-161-258-262