ENAMEL CARIES RESISTANCE AND DENTAL CARIES INTENSITY IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS

Udod O. A., Kulish A. S., Gabshydze N. O.

DENTISTRY

Scentific article

The dental caries problems are among the topical issues in the present-day dentistry. Despite the introduction and continuous improvement of methods and means for its prevention, the prevalence of this disease in people with diabetes mellitus remains quite high. The dental caries lesions depend on the presence and duration of exposure to the various factors. The hard tooth tissue resistance to cariogenic factors exposure plays the important role in this case. The aim of research is to study the structural and functional acid resistance of enamel and dental caries intensity in patients with diabetes mellitus type I. Object and methods. The clinical examination of 67 patients aged 18-35 years with diabetes mellitus type I, which presented with moderate and severe forms of disease was carried out. The caries prevalence and intensity by DMFT and DMFS indices, the caries resistance of dental enamel by structural and functional acid resistance according to the enamel resistance test as well as the clinical assessment of the enamel remineralization rate (CAERR) have been determined. Results and discussion. Based on the results obtained, it was determined that in 67 examined patients with diabetes mellitus type I the dental caries prevalence amounted to 100%, but in various intensity. The low dental caries intensity was detected in 9 people (13.4%), DMFT index value was 4.2 ± 1.10, DMFS index was 6.0 ± 1.32 (p> 0.05). Only filled carious cavities were revealed in all patients, the new carious lesions were not diagnosed. The enamel resistance test value was 2.88 ± 0.21 points, which indicated the high level of structural and functional acid resistance of the enamel, the enamel remineralization rate according to CAERR index in 6 patients (66.7%) was within normal limits, the reduced enamel remineralization rate was determined in 3 patients (33.3%). In 26 patients with diabetes mellitus (38.8%) the high dental caries intensity with the average value of DMFT index 10.2 ± 2.14 was determined, and DMFS index amounted to 18.4 ± 3.15 (p> 0.05). The enamel resistance test value was 4.47 ± 0.45 points, which corresponded to the average level of structural and functional acid resistance of enamel. Predominantly filled teeth were detected in these patients, however, the new carious lesions were also revealed. The index of clinical assessment for the enamel remineralization rate indicated the decrease in enamel remineralization rate in 19 patients (73.1%) and only in 7 patients (26.9%) it was within normal limits. In 32 patients (47.8%) with diabetes mellitus type I the significantly high caries intensity was revealed, among which 20 patients (62.5%) had the low level of structural and functional acid resistance of enamel (the enamel resistance test value amounted to 6.55 ± 0.49 points), and 12 patients (37.5%) – with the significantly low level (the enamel resistance test value was 8.25 ± 0.37 points). In persons with the low level of structural and functional acid resistance of enamel, DMFT index was 16.4 ± 3.03 and it was significantly exceeded by DMFS index, which equaled 25.7 ± 3.21 (p> 0.05). In 17 patients (85%) the enamel remineralization rate was reduced, in 3 patients (15%) it was within normal limits. In persons with the significantly low level of structural and functional acid resistance of enamel, DMFT index was 19.7 ± 3.12, DMFS index amounted to 37.8 ± 4.23 (p <0.05). The significant decrease in the enamel mineralization rate was revealed in all patients (100%). In persons with the low and significantly low structural and functional acid resistance of enamel in DMFT index structure, the caries affected and filled teeth predominated, teeth extractions were detected less often. Conclusions. Considering the data obtained, it can be summarized that among 67 patients with diabetes mellitus type I aged 18-35 years, the high caries resistance of dental enamel according to the structural and functional acid resistance was observed in 9 parsons (13.4%), who presented with the low caries intensity by DMFT index, the average level of enamel caries resistance was determined in 26 examined patients (38.8%) with the high intensity of carious lesions, low and significantly low caries resistance was detected in 32 patients (47.8%) with significantly high dental caries intensity.

diabetes mellitus type I, dental caries, intensity, caries resistance of enamel

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«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 4 part 1 (146), 2018 year, 322-325 pages, index UDK 616.379-008.64-06+616.314-002-092

10.29254/2077-4214-2018-4-1-146-322-325