EMERGENCY ULTRASOUND IN TRAUMA

Gasimzade G. Sh.

LITERATURE REVIEWS

Scentific article

Ultrasound (US) was first used during the examination of patients with injuries in Europe in the 1970- ies. The Ministry of health, Germany certification requires knowledge in the field of ultrasound diagnosis since 1988. Since the mid-1980s in the USA the use of ultrasound diagnostics in trauma has become so common that almost replaced the diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) in most trauma centers. All the doctors examining injured patients should be trained in the use of ultrasound in trauma. In modern medicine in connection with the increase in injuries is widely used for emergency (urgent) sonography. This is partly due to the fact that early diagnosis promotes rapid appropriate treatment and improves the prognosis of the patient. Currently, the FAST Protocol is enabled in the Advanced Trauma Life Support as a mandatory initial diagnostic study of patients with severe trauma and can be run by any technician trained to this method. The main purpose of emergency sonography is the improvement of patient management through rapid diagnosis. Urgent sonography consists of several focused research is performed depending on the specific clinical situation. In trauma, she runs as FAST Protocol. Lists the various approaches in the diagnosis ultrasonographic method. It is emphasized that the primary function of radiologists or sinologov is to perform FAST for fast search of free peritoneal fluid, hemopericardium, hemothorax, and pneumothorax for urgent decisions on ways of further management of patient. The trauma patients often arrive in a serious condition, unconscious or intubated. Only clinical examination can not rule out traumatic lesions of organs of abdominal cavity and chest. Therefore, clinical suspicion for injury based on mechanism of injury and not on the patient’s complaints or the medical examination and confirmed by imaging studies. Conducted numerous studies have shown that ultrasonography as method has a low sensitivity (41%) if damage of parenchymatous organs, as sources of hemoperitoneum. Even with more damage (breaks grade 3-4) parenchymal organs can have a normal appearance by ultrasound. Even when re-targeted finding those gaps (after you confirm the gaps and their extent computed in the study) radiologists, who were informed about the results of computed tomography (CT) studies and performed repeated ultrasound examination in a darkened room with sufficient time to conduct research, the result of the ultrasound examination remained the same, confirming the low sensitivity of sonography as a method to detect damage of parenchymatous organs.

FAST Protocol, emergency ultrasound, trauma

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«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 4 Part 3 (141), 2017 year, 27-33 pages, index UDK 616.381: 616.001

10.29254/2077–4214–2017–4–3–141–27-33