INFLUENCE OF MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE ON BODY MASS AND DEVELOPMENT OF OBESITY (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Hordiienko L. P.

LITERATURE REVIEWS

Scentific article

Obesity is one of the most widespread public health problems worldwide. According to WHO more than 1.9 billion adults, 18 years and older, are overweight. Of these over 600 million were obese. Excessive energy intake, physical inactivity and uncontrolled use of food addictives, especially monosodium glutamate, are the main causal factors contributing to the onset of obesity. The aim of the study was to analyze a modern scientific literature on the influence of monosodium glutamate on body weight and the development of obesity in animals and humans. Monosodium glutamate is a flavor enhancer largely used in the food industry with individual consumption steadily increasing worldwide. As a flavor enhancer, monosodium glutamate increases the sapidity of food. Monosodium glutamate produces a flavor that cannot be provided by other foods. It elicits a taste described in Japanese as umami, which is translated to “savory”. Higher amounts of individual monosodium glutamate consumption are associated with risk of being overweight of other major determinants. Studies providing the evidence of monosodium glutamate toxic effects have raised the increasing interest in monosodium glutamate intake as flavor enhancer. Neurotoxic effects in brain, obesity and metabolic defects and „Chinese restaurant syndrome“ are the most discussed in the connection with monosodium glutamate intake. Introduction of monosodium glutamate to newborn rats is one of the experimental models of obesity. The administration of monosodium glutamate to newborn rats causes the destruction of the ventromedial hypothalamic and arcuate nuclei, leading the rats to develop obesity due to the lack of control between absorption and energy expenditure. Monosodium glutamate retains its toxicity when administered orally. The results of the studies indicate that the use of monosodium glutamate in rats at concentrations that are only slightly higher than normal ones causes the development of obesity. Today there is a debate about the participation of monosodium glutamate in the obesity of most people who abuse food in fast food restaurants. Some scientists suggest that this food additive causes metabolic disorders and weight gain, but others argue that the consumption of monosodium glutamate even in large doses does not cause a development of obesity. Thus, the results of experimental studies have shown that neonatal injection of monosodium glutamate causes destruction of arcuate and ventromedial nuclei of the hypothalamus, leads to leptin resistance and development of the neuroendocrine form of obesity. A large number of scientific studies postulate that monosodium glutamate as a dietary supplement may be one of the causes of obesity in animals. However, contradictory results obtained in the animal and human studies require further intensive investigation to assess the effect of monosodium glutamate consumption as a food additive on the development of obesity.

food additives, monosodium glutamate, obesity

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«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 4 Part 3 (141), 2017 year, 33-37 pages, index UDK 616-056.5:612.393(-035.8)

10.29254/2077–4214–2017–4–3–141–33-37