STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN RATS LIVER UNDER THE INFJUENCE OF HISTAMINE AND SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE

Harasym N. P., Bishko-Moskalyuk O. I., Kulachkovsky O. R., Lutsyk M. V., Sanahursky D. I.

MORPHOLOGY

Scentific article

Histamine (2- [4-imidazolyl] ethylamine) was first described as an endogenous substance in 1910, and as a mediator of allergic reactions – in 1932. Histamine is synthesized from the histidine amino acid with the participation of pyridoxal phosphate co-enzyme (derivative of vitamin B6) and the enzyme L-histidinedecarboxylase. It is produced in mast cells, basophils, platelets and some neurons, which is intracellular in bubbles and is excreted when stimulated. Histamine is a powerful mediator of a number of biological reactions (bronchospasm, tachycardia, arrhythmia, dizziness, headache, allergic rash on the skin, etc.). In medicine, as a detoxifier, sodium hypochlorite (SH) is used. This substance is officially used for disinfection of tap water. It is important to study the safety of the use of SH in medicine for the treatment of patients with allergic reactions, and also the excessive allocation of histamine by mast cells and basophils. The purpose of the study was to study the influence of histamine and SH on high quality (by means of light and electron microscopy) and quantitative (by morphometric analysis) rat liver indices. The left lobe of the liver was selected. The tissues were fixed in formalin (15%). The histology preparations were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The obtained images of liver tissues were processed using Image J. computer program. Electron microscopic research of rat liver was carried out. Influence of sodium hypochlorite (SH), histamine and their simultaneous action on hepatocytes of rats on 1 st, 7 th, 14 th day of the experiment and after the rehabilitation period (21st day) was investigated. It has been established that histamine causes gidropic dystrophy, a change in the structure of mitochondria, an endoplasmic reticulum. Giving rats SH at a concentration of 5 mg/l leads to an increase in the number of multi-nucleus nuclei in hepatocytes. SH at a concentration of 20 mg/l reduces the content of multi-nucleus nuclei of cells. SH in both the lower and higher concentrations causes vacuolation of the hepatocyte cytoplasm. It has been found that the simultaneous SH of 5 mg/l and histamine (1 and 8 μg/kg) into the body, increases the number of vacuolatedhepatocytes compared to control, however, when compared with the groups of animals administered histamine, the number of hepatocytes with hydropathic dystrophy is lower. Functional activity of cells under the influence of SH at a concentration of 20 mg/l and histamine in a dose of 8 μg/kg increases, as evidenced by the increase in the number of multi-nucleus nuclei. Against the background of the growth of vacuolation of the cytoplasm, there is a decrease in the area and perimeter of the profile of hepatocytes and nuclei. The vacuoles formed in the cytoplasm are smaller in size on the 14th day of the effect of the investigated factors. By the 21st day the coefficient of the form of the profile of hepatocytes increases slightly (by 5%). Significant negative influence on qualitative and quantitative parameters of hepatocytes simultaneously effect SH (20 mg/l) and histamine at a dose of 1 μg/kg at all stages of the study. We associate a significant negative effect of SC in a concentration of 20 mg/l and histamine in a dose of 1 μg/kg, with the formation of a large number of harmful compounds in the liver of rats (for example, carbonyl compounds, chloramines). It is known that chloramines can cause denaturation of proteins. Possibly, histamine at a lower concentration stimulates the endogenous release of histamine by mast cells and basophils with which SH reacts. From the literature it is known that in low concentrations of histamine causes the release of the active forms of oxygen by neutrophils in the bloodstream, while its high concentrations inhibit this process. Probably histamine at a dose of 1 μg/kg leads to an increase in the formation of active forms of oxygen. It is also known that SH reacts with biogenic amines, forming carbonyl compounds. Such compounds are formed during the enzymatic destruction of histamine by aminoxidases in the organism. The combination of these factors, probably, also causes such a negative effect on the structural features of hepatocytes with the combined action of SH (20 mg/l) and histamine in a dose of 1 mg/kg.

liver, histamine, sodium hypochlorite, morphometry

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«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 4 Part 3 (141), 2017 year, 292-304 pages, index UDK 576+577

10.29254/2077–4214–2017–4–3–141–292-304