SALIVA BIOMARKERS IN PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF PERIODONTIUM

Ostrovska S.S., Gerasimchuk P.G., Krizhanivsky D.G., Zaitsev L.О., Tereshchenko N.M., Velikorodni V.I.

LITERATURE REVIEWS

Scentific article

In the review of foreign literature, an analysis of the use of oral fluid for the diagnosis of diseases of oral cavity is provided. Due to the high prevalence of periodontal disease, it is important to identify biomarkers that are effective in the clinical assessment of periodontal disease. Therefore, many researchers have tried to identify markers specific to periodontitis. Traditionally, the diagnosis has been based on the measurement of specific biochemical parameters in blood or gingival сrack fluid, but recently saliva has become the best biological material. Various biomarkers of saliva have been proposed opening promising prospects for its use as a key diagnostic environment for periodontal disease. Saliva testing has shown promising results in a number of areas, especially in the those of genomics, microbiomics, proteomics, metabolomics and transcriptomics. Saliva contains a wide range of protein, DNA and RNA biomarkers, which help in the diagnosis of many diseases and conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular, autoimmune and degenerative diseases, as well as diseases of the oral cavity. A number of studies with high value of evidence have shown that saliva biomarkers can be used as tests for screening diagnosis, prognosis and evaluation of periodontal disease progression. They studied the effect of the pathological condition of the periodontium on the concentration of metals in the oral fluid and in the blood: Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cd and Pb in order to be able to effectively distinguish people suffering from periodontitis from healthy people. It was showed, that the average concentrations of all elements studied, with the exception of Cd, were statistically significantly different from each other in blood and saliva. The concentration of metals in saliva was measured in patients with periodontitis and healthy volunteers. Both in the group of patients with periodontitis and in the control group Ca, Mg and Fe were present in the highest concentrations among essential metals, and among the toxic ones Pb was much more common than Cd. In patients with periodontal diseases there is a statistically significant increase in the concentration of Cu, Mg and Mn. The average Ca, Cd, Mg, Mn and Pb levels were higher in saliva in men, and the average Cu, Fe and Zn levels were higher in women. The correlations between metals in the saliva of patients with periodontitis and in the saliva of the control group were investigated. In the first case, significant positive associations were observed between Zn – Fe, Fe – Pb, Cd – Ca, Cd – Zn and Pb – Cd. In the case of the control group, strong positive correlations were detected between the following elements: Ca – Mg, Zn – Cd, Ca – Cd, Ca – Zn and Pb – Mg, while Cd negatively correlated with most metals. The nature of the mutual dependence of metals in the oral fluid of patients was different from that of healthy donors. Thus, the study of the relationship between the concentrations of metals in saliva in periodontitis can have diagnostic and prophylactic value.

saliva biomarkers, periodontitis, chemical elements, metals correlation, diagnosis.

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«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 2 Part 1 (164), 2022 year, 46-54 pages, index UDK 616.314.17:612.313]-07

10.29254/2077-4214-2022-2-1-164-46-54