Grusha M. M.

LITERATURE REVIEWS

Scentific article

In the article on the basis of analysis of scientific literature is considered the role of a new type of interstitial cells – telocytes in providing intercellular interaction in the intestinal wall. As the result of researches of group led by Professor L. M. Popescu, the identification of telocytes as a new group of cells has been made possible after the discovery of ultrastructural, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence differences primarily from canonical interstitial cells of Cajal. The broad representation of telocytes not only in the wall of the digestive tract as well as in most of parenchymal and hollow organs of the human body, and laboratory animals is discussed. It emphasizes at the importance of the use of both several immunohistochemical markers and electron microscopy to identify and distinguish telocytes from the group of interstitial cells of Cajal, fibroblast-like cells and fibroblasts. Describe the main ultrastructural features of telocytes, such as: a small, oval-shaped cellular body (6 to 16 µm), containing a nucleus, surrounded by a small amount of cytoplasm and a few long, thin processes (telopodes). There is a significant number of mitochondria, thin and intermediate filaments, the small in size of the Golgi complex, well-developed elements of granular endoplasmic reticulum was revealed in the perinuclear cytoplasm. There are the following characteristics of telopodes: a significant length (tens – up to hundreds of [micro]m), a diameter less than the resolving power of light microscopy (about 0.1 of [micro]m), many dilations along (podoms) with clusters of mitochondria, granular endoplasmic reticulum, many caveolae on the surface. The article deals with some aspects of the use of immunohistochemical markers c-kit / CD34 / PDGFRα, in order to identify the telocytes in different tissues. These cells, unlike the canonical interstitial cells of Cajal demonstrate a c-kit-negativity / CD34-positivity / PDGFRα-positivity. Taking into consideration the role of interstitial cells of both pacemakers and intermediaries in the neuroeffector junction between motor neurons and smooth muscle cells in the intestinal wall, the potential involvement telocytes in the processes of cell-cell interactions was analyzed. The article focuses on the results of researches of the structural interactions telocytes with effector cells and the possible mechanisms of implementation of the regulatory significance of telocytes in the functional integration of the intestinal wall cells. Also the ambiguity of the available data in the literature on the role of podoms of telocytes as Ca2+ stores, the functional significance of tight junctions of cells with smooth muscle myocytes and lack of contact with the enteric neurons were discused. Considered literature data evidence in favor of the involvement of telocytes in intercellular signaling through their participation in neuroeffector transmission and paracrine regulation functions.

telocytes, interstitial cells of Cajal, intercellular interactions, cells of the intestinal wall

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«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 1 part 1 (126), 2016 year, 17-21 pages, index UDK 576.52:611.34