EMBRYOTOXIC EFFECT OF CADMIUM CHLORIDE ON RAT BODY

Shamelashvili K. L., Shatorna V. F.

BIOLOGY

Scentific article

Abstract. Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most abundant and harmful transition metals found in our environment. Unfortunately, this element is toxic at very low doses and is not biodegradable and has a very long half-life. Pregnancy is a special physiological condition, and prenatal development is a critical period in the etiology of diseases. Therefore, it is relevant today to study the effect of cadmium compounds on embryonic development. The aim of the study was to experimentally determine the embryotoxicity of cadmium chloride after chronic intragastric administration during the entire period of pregnancy in rats. Objects and research methods. Experimental studies were carried out on female Wistar rats. For embryonic studies, female rats with dated gestational age were obtained using the vaginal smear method. The test substances were administered from the first day of pregnancy. To simulate the exposure and toxic effect of cadmium chloride, we daily administered to women per os a solution of cadmium chloride (at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg) throughout pregnancy. On the 13th and 19th days of pregnancy, surgical slaughter was performed. The embryotoxic effect of the investigated substances was assessed according to the following indicators: 1. General embryonic mortality; 2. Pre-implantation mortality; 3. Post-implantation mortality; 4. The number of fruits per female in the group. The results of the study were processed statistically using the Student’s test. When analyzing the data obtained, we found that cadmium compounds negatively affect embryonic development. The number of rat embryos by the action of cadmium decreases by an average of 22%. At the same time, embryonic mortality increases 4.8 times on the 13th day of embryo development, and 3.8 times on the 19th day compared to the control. Conclusions. Thus, from the data obtained, we see that cadmium compounds are quite embryotoxic and increase the embryonic mortality of rats several times.

cadmium chloride, embryogenesis, embryonic mortality, embryotoxicity.

1. Geng HX, Wang L. Cadmium: Toxic efects on placental and embryonic development. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2019;67:102–107.
2. Mikolić A, Schonwald N, Piasek M. Cadmium, iron and zinc interaction and hematological parameters in rat dams and their offspring. J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. 2016;38:108–116.
3. Astbury S, Mostyn A, Symonds ME, Bell RC. Nutrient availability, the microbiome, and intestinal transport during pregnancy. Appl. Physiologic Nutr. Metab. 2015;40:1100–1106.
4. Jacobo-Estrada T, Cardenas-Gonzalez M, Santoyo-Sanchez M, Parada-Cruz B, Uria-Galicia E, Arreola-Mendoza L, et al. Evaluation of the kidney injury biomarkers in rat amniotic fluid after gestational exposure to cadmium. J. Appl. Toxicol. 2016;36:1183–1193.
5. Jacobo-Estrada T, Santoyo-Sánchez M, Thévenod F, Barbier O. Cadmium Handling, Toxicity and Molecular Targets Involved during Pregnancy: Lessons from Experimental Models. Internat. J. of Molecular Sciences. 2017;18:136-55.
6. Taylor CM, Emond AM, Lingam R, Golding JP. Prenatal lead, cadmium and mercury exposure and associations with motor skills at age 7 years in a UK observational birth cohort. Environ. Int. 2018;11:40–47.
7. Zhang Y, Xu X, Chen A. Maternal urinary cadmium levels during pregnancy associated with risk of sex-dependent birth outcomes from an e-waste pollution site in China. Reprod. Toxicol. 2017;75:49–55.
8. Kolosova ІІ, Shatorna VF. Vpliv solej kadmіyu (hloridu ta citratu) na pokazniki embrіogenezu shchurіv. Visnyk problem biolohiyi i medytsyny. 2020;3(157):49-53. [in Ukrainain].
9. Shamelashvіlі KL, Shatorna VF. Eksperimental’ne viznachennya modifіkuyu chogo vplivu sukcinatu cinku na embrіotoksichnіst’ hloridu kadmіyu u shchurіv. Visnyk problem biolohiyi i medytsyny. 2020;3(157):58-61. [in Ukrainain].
10. Shatorna VF, Rudenko KM. Viznachennya stupenya embrіotoksichnostі hloridu kadmіyu pri enteral’nomu vvedennі vprodovzh vs’ogo perіodu vagіtnostі shchurіv. Visnyk problem biolohiyi i medytsyny. 2020;3(157):66-70. [in Ukrainain].
11. Zhao LL, Ru YF, Liu M, Tang J, Zheng J, Wu B, et al. Reproductive effects of cadmium on sperm function and early embryonic development in vitro. PLoS One 2017;12(11):186-227.
12. Fedorenkо VI. Obhrontuvannya dopustymykh dobovykh doz svyntsyu i kadmiyu v dobovykh ratsionakh kharchuvannya. Profilaktychna medytsyna. 2019;24(1):73-80. [in Ukrainain].

«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 1 (159), 2021 year, 147-150 pages, index UDK 599.323.4:591.436:591.3:546.48:616-092.9

10.29254/2077-4214-2021-1-159-147-150