INTESTINAL DYSBIOSIS AS A FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF METABOLIC SYNDROME AND INSULIN RESISTANCE

Hurenko O. O., Drozdovska S. B.

LITERATURE REVIEWS

Scentific article

Abstract. Metabolic syndrome is a socially significant disease, the treatment of which still remains ineffective. Metabolic syndrome is a complex of interrelated cardiometabolic risk factors, which include obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension and insulin resistance. Central obesity and insulin resistance are recognized as triggers in the manifestation of metabolic syndrome, the progression of which disrupts carbohydrate, purine and lipid metabolism. In insulin resistance, the biological response to exogenous and endogenous insulin is pathologically altered. At the molecular level, numerous defects in insulin signaling affect insulin resistance, reduce the number of insulin receptors, kinase receptor activity, phosphorylation of intracellular substrates, affect the translocation and activation of the glucose transporter. Recent data indicate that a qualitative change in the ratio of the normal species composition of intestinal bacteria (dysbiosis) causes metabolic diseases, and thus serves as a target for the fight against metabolic diseases. Biodiversity and the overall composition of the microbiome play a crucial role in maintaining normal homeostasis in the human body. Pathological conditions, which are characterized by metabolic syndrome, are accompanied by changes in the microbial composition of the intestine, dysfunction of the immune and neurohumoral systems of the human body. The data described in the review on the pathophysiological effect of intestinal microbiome on the development of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance are confirmed by the results of many studies showing the involvement of microbiome through modulation of insulin signaling components, regulation of intestinal metabolites, production of short-chain fatty acids improving insulin sensitivity, increasing oxidative metabolism in white adipose tissue, liver and skeletal muscle and regulating the activity of N-oxide trimethylamine, which is directly related to the development of insulin resistance as a trigger factor in the manifestation of metabolic syndrome. The important role of intestinal microbiome transplantation is described, which has a significant effect on the suppression of chronic inflammation in the intestine with activation of the insulin signaling cascade, which allows us to conclude about the direct participation and influence of intestinal microbiocenosis diversity on the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. Microorganisms of the intestinal microbiome, due to the modulation of cascade enzymatic reactions, pathophysiologically affect the progression and / or severity of complications of the metabolic syndrome, which is the subject of scientific interest today.

microbiome, dysbiosis, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, obesity.

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«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 1 (159), 2021 year, 257-264 pages, index UDK 796;797;798;799;796.015.62

10.29254/2077-4214-2021-1-159-257-264