Nekhanevych O. B., Yun Byoung Yul

PHYSICAL THERAPY FEATURES OF STATIC AND DYNAMIC MOTOR DISORDERS IN NON-PROGRESSIVE ORGANIC DISRUPTIONS OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM


About the author:

Nekhanevych O. B., Yun Byoung Yul

Heading:

LITERATURE REVIEWS

Type of article:

Scentific article

Annotation:

Non-progressive organic disruptions of the central nervous system are accompanied by impaired motor functions (spasticity, dystonia, muscle contractures, muscle weakness and difficulty in coordination that ultimately affects the ability to control movements). One of the most common clinical forms in the group of nonprogressive organic disruptions of the central nervous system is cerebral palsy (CP). The incidence of cerebral palsy in the world is 2.1, and in Ukraine – 2.56 cases per 1000 live births. Pathology of the motor sphere with CP is very diverse, however, most often the violation of the function of the neuromuscular system is manifested excessively increased or reduced muscle tone. Especially important here is the loss of gross motor functions (ability to run, walking, standing, sitting). Therefore, one of the main tasks in the rehabilitation of such patients is precisely the restoration of static-dynamic motor disorders. However, despite the achievements of modern medicine, one in three patients with CP is not able to walk. This points to the imperfection of modern approaches to rehabilitation and needs to be generalized and to find new methods of recovery. The purpose of this workwas to determine the state of the problem of physical therapy of static-dynamic motor disorders in people with non-progressive lesions of the central nervous system. Object and methods.To accomplish this goal, an analysis of literary sources in modern databases was carried out: abstract database “Ukrainka Science”, Google Scholar, RINC, Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The search depth is 12 years (from January 2007 to January 2018). Research results. Most experts say that the early start of rehabilitation is most important for the successful rehabilitation of patients with CP. However, there are difficulties in early diagnosis of such conditions. Thus, the diagnosis of CP, as a rule, is only established at the end of the first-third year of the child’s life. This leads to severe consequences in the form of motor, lingual, and psychological deficits, which generally leads to social deprivation of such patients. The main principles of modern rehabilitation of CP are patient-centered measures and multidisciplinary approach involving a number of specialists, including physical therapists. The main goal of the modern rehabilitation model for CP is the restoration of functional activity and the maximum possible participation in social, domestic and professional aspects of life. Special attention is devoted to the restoration of gross motor functions and treatment the spasticity. The basis of modern rehabilitation of persons with CP is the complex involvement in the active process of the restoration of a number of functional systems of the body: sensory, motor, cognitive, linguistic, emotional and communicative. Conclusions.Despite the significant achievements in the rehabilitation of patients with non-progressive diseases of the nervous system, the problem of recovery of disturbed static-dynamic motor functions remains relevant and timely. The existence of a large number of individual methods of rehabilitation of such patients only proves the fact that the problem is not fully studied and requires generalization and standardization, which is based on international experience, a comprehensive involvement of all possible rehabilitation and individualization of restorative interventions. In the comprehensive rehabilitation technique to achieve a better rehabilitation effect, in particular the restoration of one of the most important functions of the human body – walking, it is necessary to take into account the pathophysiological features of the formation of an impaired motor stereotype in the process of ontogenesis of the patient, in particular the violation of the reciprocity of muscle antagonists. These theoretical data require further elaboration and implementation in the practice of health care.

Tags:

physical therapy, static-dynamic disorders, non-progressive organic disruptions, central nervous system

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Publication of the article:

«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 1 Part 1 (142), 2018 year, 50-55 pages, index UDK 61:615.81-84:616-009.1-8:616.833.17-009.11

DOI: