PREVALENCE AND ETIOLOGIC FACTORS OF DEFECTS OF THE BONES OF THE FACIAL SKELETON

Pantus A. V., Rozhko M. M., Yarmoshuk I. R., Grekulyak V. V., Kogut V. L.

LITERATURE REVIEWS

Scentific article

The prevalence of inflammatory processes of the maxillofacial area increases year by year. Changes not only the frequency but also the nature of the inflammatory processes. It was found that the greatest frequency is due to chronic inflammatory processes and injuries of the maxillofacial area. Among these pathologies are chronic osteomyelitis of the jaw, bone tissue atrophy of the alveolar appendix of the upper and lower alveolar parts, and jaw cysts. The frequency of various forms of osteomyelitis reaches 30%. Combined injuries of the maxillofacial area complicated by post-traumatic defects of bone tissue occupy one of the priority places in reconstructive surgery. Traumatic lesions of the jaw-cranial-facial area carry not only post-traumatic defects and deformities, but also a direct threat to human life. Treatment of patients with defects in the maxillofacial area is currently the most urgent problem not only for dentistry but also for maxillofacial reconstruction surgery. This type of pathology usually requires a rehabilitation program for the restoration of lost bone tissue. Regarding to oncopathology, at the stage of rehabilitation of patients, reconstructive surgery, as a rule, is in contact with post-junction jaw states, which in most cases require an endoprosthetic. Traumatism of the site of the maxilla complex is most difficult to be corrected, requires additional reconstruction and is combined with damages to the base of the skull. This is due to the peculiarities of the anatomical structure of the upper jaw and the topological closeness to the anatomical structures of the base of the skull and the central nervous system. The conducted statistical analysis by many authors showed that at a frontal impact in the area of the middle line in 88% of the nazoemodial complex in combination with the wall of the ophthalmics is damaged. As for the age group, the greatest number of injuries to the bones of the facial skeleton occurs from 20 to 30 years, which often leads to the disability of such patients. The biggest problem faced by specialists is the problem of rehabilitation of such patients. The results of research conducted by many authors do not always coincide with the statistical analysis of other researchers, which is related to the examination of different incompatible age groups, lack of sufficient diagnosis and not always the availability of highly skilled care.

osteomyelitis, inflammatory processes, cysts, tumors

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«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 1 Part 1 (148), 2019 year, 56-60 pages, index UDK 616.314-083:528.315-38

10.29254/2077-4214-2019-1-1-148-56-60