THE INFLUENCE OF CERIUM AND GERMANIUM CITRATES ON THE PROCESS OF EMBRYOGENESIS OF RAT ON THE BACKGROUND OF CADMIUM INTOXICATION

Nefodova O. O., Halperin O. I., Shatorna V. F.

MORPHOLOGY

Scentific article

The change in the environment in industrialized countries prompts intensive study of the impact of environmental factors on biological objects. In most industrialized countries, the priority group of eco-toxicants are heavy metals and, in particular, cadmium compounds, which are easily digested by plants in fairly large quantities and fall into the biosystem and have the property to accumulate in the body. Direct observation of the development of human developmental disorders is not possible, therefore, with the help of induced experimental models it becomes possible to analyze morphogenetic changes during embryogenesis. Thus, the actual direction of morphological experimental studies is the detection of a spectrum of violations of the general course of embryogenesis under the influence of cadmium salts on pregnant females and under conditions of compensation of citrates of metals. The purpose of the study is to experimentally determine the effect on the overall course of embryogenesis of cadmium salts when administered in isolation and in combination with cerium and germanium citrates during intragastric administration throughout the entire period of pregnancy in rats. To simulate the effect of salts of the studied metals, all rats were divided into 7 groups: 1 group – animals, which were administered a solution of cadmium chloride at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg. Group 2 – Animals administered a 1.0 mg/kg solution of cadmium citrate. Group 3 – Animals administered a 1.0 mg/kg solution of cadmium chloride and a solution of germanium citrate in a dose of 0.1 mg/kg. Group 4 – Animals administered a 1.0 mg/kg solution of cadmium citrate and a solution of germanium citrate in a dose of 0.1 mg/kg. Group 5 – Animals administered a 1.0 mg/kg solution of cadmium chloride and a cerium citrate solution at a dose of 1.3 mg/kg. Group 6 – Animals administered a 1.0 mg/kg solution of cadmium citrate and a cerium citrate solution at a dose of 1.3 mg/kg. 7 group – control.In accordance with the conditions and requirements for carrying out embryonic experiments, we have provided a complete diet, drinking water and careful care for the female; the introduction of metal solutions (sensing) was carried out from the first day of pregnancy every day at the same time of day. For an embryonic study, females with a dated pregnancy were given using the method of vaginal swab. In the work, the effects on the overall course of embryogenesis of cadmium salts (at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg) were determined experimentally with isolated administration and in combination with citrates of cerium and germanium during intragastric administration throughout the entire period of pregnancy in rats. The probable embryotoxic effect of the substances studied was assessed by the following indicators: total embryonic mortality, preimplantation mortality, post-implantation mortality, and the number of fetuses per 1 female. Isolated intragastric administration of cadmium salts to pregnant females has shown a different degree of embryotoxicity of the compounds studied: cadmium chloride and cadmium citrate. The results of the experiment revealed a more pronounced embryotoxic effect of cadmium chloride compared to the effects of cadmium citrate at their same dose and route of administration in an experiment on rats. The combined administration of cadmium chloride/citrate with cerium/germanium citrate significantly reduces the embryotoxic effect of cadmium, which is manifested in increasing the number of embryos in the litter and reducing overall embryonic mortality.

embryotoxicity, cadmium, cerium, germanium, nanometals

1. Hays SM, Nordberg M, Yager JW. Biomonitoring Equivalents (BE) dossier for cadmium (Cd). Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2008;51(3):49-56.
2. Shatorna VF, Nefʹodova OO, Haretsʹ VI. Eksperymentalʹne vyznachennya kombinovanoho vplyvu atsetatu svyntsyu ta tsytratu sribla na kardiohenez shchuriv. Aktualʹni problemy suchasnoyi medytsyny. 2016;16,4(56):294-8. [in Ukrainian].
3. Chekunova MP, Frolova AD. Sovremennyye problemy profilakticheskoy toksikogii. M.; 1991. s. 36-45. [in Russian].
4. Ivanov VK, Shcherbakov AB, Usatenko AV. Strukturnochuvstvitel’nyye svoystva i biomeditsinskiye primeneniya nanodispersnogo dioksida tseriya. Uspekhi khimii. 2009;78(9):924-41. [in Russian].
5. Shcherbakov AB, Zholobak NM, Ivanov VK, Tret’yakov YuD, Spivak NYа. Nanomaterialy na osnove dioksida tseriya: svoystva i perspektivy ispol’zovaniya v biologii i meditsine. Bíotekhnologíya. 2011;4(1):9-24. [in Russian].
6. Spivak YA, Nosenko ND, Zholobak NM, Shcherbakov AB, Reznikov AG, Ivanova OS, i dr. Nanokristallicheskiy dioksid tseriya povyshayet funktsional’nuyu aktivnost’ reproduktivnoy sistemy stareyushchikh samtsov krys. Nanosistemy: fizika, khimiya, matematika. 2013;4(1):72-7. [in Russian].
7. Spivak NYa, Shepel EA. Ceria nanoparticles boost activity of aged murine oocytes. Nano Biomed Eng. 2012;4(4):188-90.
8. Borysevych VB, Kaplunenko VH. Nanomaterialy v biolohiyi. Osnovy nanoveterynariyi. K.: VD “Avitsena”; 2010. 416 s. [in Ukrainian].
9. Borysevych VB, Petrenko OF. Nanotekhnolohiya u veterynarniy medytsyni. K.: Lira; 2009. 232 s. [in Ukrainian].
10. Fedoruk RS, Khrabko MI. Dynamika masy tila i reproduktyvna funktsiya samok shchuriv ta zhyttyezdatnistʹ pryplodu za vypoyuvannya riznykh kilʹkostey tsytratu hermaniyu. Biolohiya tvaryn. 2015;17(3):214-6. [in Ukrainian].

«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 1 Part 1 (148), 2019 year, 273-278 pages, index UDK 611.12-076:611.013:616-092.9:669.018.674

10.29254/2077-4214-2019-1-1-148-273-278