OSTEOMETRIC MANDIBULAR CHARACTERISTICS WITH CONSIDERING CRANIOTYPE

Sazonova O. M., Vovk O. Yu., Hordiichuk D. O., Dubina S. O.

MORPHOLOGY

Scentific article

With the development of modern craniology there is a need for additional complex studies of visceral skull, especially relations between the orbital, nasal and oral regions. The morphocraniological study of the mandible and its structures are in particular importance for the practical results of individual anatomic variability. The purpose of study is a detailed investigation of morphological and age-related craniometry of visceral human skull in adulthood. The research has been conducted on 100 bone samples of integral and fragmented skulls from the collections of anatomy department of Kharkiv National Medical University. The cephalic index ranges under 75 – examined skulls related to dolichocephalic type; 75-79.9 – mesocephalic type; 80 and over – brachycephalic. Morphometry of mandible included determination of its length; height of branches (left and right); perimeter of its alveolar arch. All calculations have been performed by computer program using the digital standard package of the tables and initial data. Conducted morphometry showed that longitudinal portion of the mandible slightly increases and has a relatively narrow range of individual variability. At the same time, kept increasing the length of its branches from brachy- to meso- and dolichocephalic types associated with the general tendency to increase their longitudinal and altitudinal parameters of the visceral skull. This indicates that classic craniological parameter go-go is an important indicator in understanding and assessing an individual anatomical variability of the visceral skull. In adulthood people, mandibular width depends entirely on extreme forms of the structure of the skull with the highest statistical values in brachycephalic and lowest in dolichocephalic type. In first, it was observed the prevalence of cross skull parameters and its parts; in second, on the contrary, their reduction. Accordingly, the lateral dimensions of the mandible prevalent in middle-aged people with brachycephalic shape of the skull and reach maximal arithmetic values and deviation range of both, basic and angular width (go-go) and intermolar width (d-d). Average parameters is characteristic for people with mesocephalic shape of the skull. It should be noted, along with the classic symmetrical shape and curvature of the lower alveolar arch, there is asymmetry of left and right halves of the lower jaw. In these cases must be established and conducted the study of different degrees of natural, genetically determined asymmetry. Based on practical needs, with the purpose of correct diagnosis and treatment of congenital and acquired occlusion, prosthetics and surgical treatment of various dental defects and other abnormalities. The study also revealed the presence of significant individual variability of the lower jaw and its relation with the brachycephalic type with advanced leptoprosopy. Thus, it is found that there are two extreme forms of mandibular structure: first ̶ expanded and shortened with increasing prevalence of transverse dimensions and mandibular perimeter, which is typical for brachycephalic type; the second ̶ is narrowed and elongated with a predominance of longitudinal dimensions and a decrease in the perimeter of the arc, which is characteristic of dolichocephalic type.

osteometry, individual anatomic variability, adulthood, mandible

1. Hwang S. Three-dimensional evaluation of dentofacial transverse widths in adults with different sagittal facial patterns. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2018;154(3):365-74. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.11.041
2. Zheng X. Accuracy of two midsagittal planes in three-dimensional analysis and their measurement in patients with skeletal mandibular deviation: a comparative study. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2018;56(7):600-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2018.06.009
3. Thiesen G. Three-dimensional evaluation of craniofacial characteristics related to mandibular asymmetries in skeletal Class I patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2018;154(1):91-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.10.031
4. Magarakis M. Ocular injury, visual impairment, and blindness associated with facial fractures: a systematic literature review. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012;129(1):227-33. DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3182362a6d
5. Liu R. Craniofacial morphology characteristics of operated unilateral complete cleft lip and palate patients in mixed dentition. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2011;112(6):16-25. DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.04.011
6. Kün-Darbois JD. Asymmetric bone remodeling in mandibular and maxillary tori. Clin Oral Investig. 2017;21(9):2781-8. DOI: 10.1007/s00784017-2080-8
7. Liu SR. Changes in facial appearance after maxillomandibular advancement for severe obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome in Chinese patients: a subjective and objective evaluation. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;41(9):1112-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2012.03.011
8. Mahdi E. Assessment of facial and cranial development and comparison of anthropometric ratios. J Craniofac Surg. 2012;23(2):75-83. DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e3182468612
9. Gateno J. Effect of facial asymmetry on 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional cephalometric measurements. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;69(3):65562. DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2010.10.046
10. Del Neri NB. Zygomaticofacial foramen location accuracy and reliability in cone-beam computed tomography. Acta Odontol Scand. 2014;72(2):157-60. DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2013.814804

«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 1 Part 1 (148), 2019 year, 299-303 pages, index UDK 611.716.4:572.54.087

10.29254/2077-4214-2019-1-1-148-299-303