FEATURES OF CELL IMMUNITY IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

Horecha M. Y., Lapovets L. Y., Akimova V. M., Lapovets N. Y., Tsymbala O. P.

CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

Scentific article

The complications of diabetes mellitus by the organ of vision is one of the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness. The number of cases of vision loss is a trend that maintains a steady upwards. The most common and significant cause of visual impairment in diabetes is retinal pathology (diabetic retinopathy). The aim of the research is to study the state of cellular immunity in patients with diabetic retinopathy in insulindependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The clinical and laboratory examination of 130 patients with diabetic retinopathy was performed (70 patients that are in group 1 and 60 non-insulin dependent patients in group 2). The average age of patients ranged from 20 to 55 years old. The obtained laboratory indicators were compared with the control group, which included 30 practically healthy people. In all examined patients, the number of leukocytes (L) was determined; leukocyte formula was calculated (by conventional methods), the content of lymphocyte populations and subpopulations using monoclonal antibodies to CD3+ , CD4+ , CD8+ , CD19+ , CD23+ , CD25+ , CD56+ in the reaction of indirect immunofluorescence with antibodies labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate. Parametric data is given as М±m, as the normal group data distribution, pairwise posterior comparisons of groups were performed using the Newman-Keyes criteria, by using the STATISTICA 6.0 software package (StatSoft, USA). As a result of our research, we found significant changes in cellular immunity rates in the groups of subjects surveyed. Patients from group 1 were observed activation of T lymphocytes (СD3+ ) (1.3 times higher than in the control group). Sub-population of T-helpers (СD 4+ ) was 1,2 times lower than the norm in this group of patients, however, the absolute number of T-suppressors (СD 8+ ) increased by half compared to the control group. The content of activated T-lymphocytes (CD 25+ ) was above the norm by 1.8 times. The subpopulation of activated B-lymphocytes (CD 23+ ) increased 4 times, compared to the control group. The level of NK cells (CD 56+ ) in this group of patients was 4.6 times higher than the norm. In group 2, patients with absolute T-lymphocyte, the content was within the normal range. The level of T-helpers in this group of patients was below the norm by 1.2 times and 1.1 times lower than the level in group 1. The level of T-suppressors in patients in group 2 was 1.5 times higher than normal and 1.3 times lower than the level in patients in group 1. The level of activated T lymphocytes in patients from group 2, as in group 1, exceeded the indicator in the control group by 2.8 times. The absolute number of B-lymphocytes in patients of group 2, was 1.5 times higher than the level in the control group and 1.2 times lower than the level in patients in the group1. The activated content of B-lymphocytes in patients in group 2 was 2.8 times higher than normal and 1.5 times lower than in group 1. The level of NK cells in patients from group 2 was three times higher than normal and 1.5 times lower than the level in group 1. Research shows that the immune status in patients with diabetic retinopathy has unidirectional changes. In patients with diabetic retinopathy with insulin dependence, immune status is characterized by profound changes in the immune system: T and B lymphocyte counts are several times higher than normal.

diabetic retinopathy, insulin-dependent diabetes, cellular immunity.

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«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 2 (156), 2020 year, 96-98 pages, index UDK 617.735 – 002 – 02:616.379 – 008.64:616 – 008.9 – 078.73

10.29254/2077-4214-2020-2-156-96-98