MORPHOGENESIS OF THE KIDNEYS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF HEAVY METALS (REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE)

Nefodova O. O., Azarov O. I.

LITERATURE REVIEWS

Scentific article

The artcle reviews the publicatons on the effect of heavy metal compounds on the morphofunctonal state of the kidneys and the morphogenesis of changes in the histological structure of the kidneys. Today, the compounds of cadmium and lead are the main part of heavy metals that form the ecological crisis of the planet. In biological systems, heavy metals, pestcides, nitrates and nitrites and other anthropogenic pollutants migrate. The need to develop a comprehensive including toxicological analysis of a partcular substance or compound, given substance content in environmental objects and food products is relevant for both adults and the developing organism. Ukraine is a country with a high level of negatve environmental consequences of producton actvites, and therefore the problem of protectng the environment and caring for the health of the populaton of industrial regions requires priority solutons. All of the above indicates the need to study the morphogenetc changes in the kidneys that occur in embryogenesis and in the early stages afer birth when exposed to heavy metals. The target of the study is to reveal the literary scientfc data concerning morphogenetc changes in renal and embryonic rats under the influence of cadmium compounds in the experiment. The common mechanism in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases under the influence of xenobiotcs is traditonally considered damage to the glomeruli, followed by a decrease in the mass of the functoning renal parenchyma. At the same tme, the compulsory and leading mechanism of nephrotoxic acton of heavy metals, other nephrotropic compounds is the destructon of proximal tubules with inhibiton of transport of inorganic and organic substances, water. A number of experimental studies and clinical analyzes have shown that, together with a specifc effect on the kidneys of each of the factors studied, their common pathogenetc mechanisms are present in their effects. Most likely, the same histogenetc changes will also occur in the embryo when the mother is primed with cadmium or other heavy metals. But we have not found any data on the effect of cadmium salts on the development of the kidney in embryogenesis in accessible scientfc literature. The identfcaton of the mechanism of the effect of cadmium compounds on the development of organs and tssues in the process of ontogeny and the spectrum of the formaton of possible developmental defects is of a multstage nature and the development of experimental models of influence on embryogenesis is one of the central tasks of modern embryology and medicine. Thus, the analysis of data from literature sources and previous studies at the Department of Clinical Anatomy, Anatomy and Operatve Surgery allows us to single out the following conclusions: According to the presented results of scientfc experimental and clinical studies, the problem of the effect of heavy metals on the parenchymal organs is poorly researched and relevant. Scientfc evidence on the effect of heavy metals on the general course of embryogenesis and organogenesis is extremely inadequate, and the results of research are illusory and contradictory and do not concern the influence of cadmium on the development of the kidneys. Investgaton of the influence of cadmium and lead on embryogenesis should be carried out taking into account the dose-dependent effect, duraton, mode of administraton. The morphofunctonal state of organs and systems of organs afer the birth of embryos (the postnatal period) in the conditons of cessaton of the influence of the negatve factor remain untouched.

cadmium, lead, kidney, embryo, embryogenesis

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«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 1 Part 2 (143), 2018 year, 23-27 pages, index UDK 616.61:591.3:546.48:612.6

10.29254/2077-4214-2018-1-2-143-23-27