THE HISTOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ARTICULAR CARTILAGE OF THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT UNDER CONDITIONS OF THE SKELETAL INJURY

Tkachenko А. S.

MORPHOLOGY

Scentific article

The issues of the structural organization of the temporomandibular joint under the influence of various factors have attracted the attention of many specialists for a long time. One of the reasons for the development of dysfunctions of the temporomandibular joint may be a history of damage to the maxillofacial region, which is determined by the constant increase in the frequency of maxillofacial injuries, which averages from 6.0 to 16.4% of all peacetime injuries. Among the injuries of the maxillofacial region, fractures of the lower jaw are observed most often and occur in 67.3-87.1% of cases. However, the literature data on this problem are contradictory and indicate the absence of unified and accurate ideas about the morphology of the joint in normal conditions and in various pathological conditions. Therefore, the aim of our study was to study the microscopic features of the articular surface of the temporomandibular joint in rats with unilateral skeletal injury of the lower jaw. The study was carried out on 20 white laboratory male rats of mature age, divided into the control and experimental groups of animals with unilateral trauma to the angle of the lower jaw, modeled by osteoperforation of the angle of the lower jaw with a dental burr. The study of the articular surfaces of both joints was carried out on the 30th day after injury by the histological method with staining of sections with hematoxylin-eosin. Light microscopy was performed using an Olympus BH-2 microscope (Japan). Therefore, under the conditions of trauma to the angle of the mandible after 30 days in the temporomandibular joint, changes occurred on the side of the injury. They were not significant and were compensatory in nature for changes in the load and redistribution of pressure on the articular surface. As a result, in the central part of the articular surface of the head of the mandible, there was a defibration of the surface plate, a change in the shape and placement of the lining cells of the tangential transitional layer, and a violation of the boundary between the superficial and intermediate layers. The architectonics of the intermediate layer was characterized by pronounced bundles of collagen fibers. There were probable processes of calcification of the deep layer of cartilage.

temporomandibular joint, trauma, lower jaw, rats, histology

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«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 2 Part 2 (165), 2022 year, 165-174 pages, index UDK 616.72-018.3-018-053.8-092,906:616.395+612.392.3:611.316.018.098

10.29254/2077-4214-2022-2-2-165-165-174