PECULIARITIES OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SPLEEN IN PATIENTS WITH SARS-COV-2 PNEUMONIA

Nasibullin B. A., Gozhenko A. I., Burlachenko V. P., Gushcha S. G., Ilina-Stohniienko V. Yu., Vasjuk T. V., Barbariga S. N.

CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

Scentific article

Despite the capabilities of the global health system, a severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus continues to spread throughout all countries, and today has acquired the status of a pandemic. The study aimed to assess the correlation between changes in the indicators of the state of peripheral blood and structural changes in the spleen in patients who died due to COVID-19-induced pneumonia. Object and methods of research. The material of the work was the data obtained in the study of 31 patients of the covid centers who died as a result of SARS-CoV-2 due to pneumonia. Of these, 57% were men, and 43% were women. The age of the investigated ranged from 31 to 69 years. The disease duration was 10 days – 42% and more than 10 days – 58%. Changes in indicators of the state of peripheral blood were assessed, according to the autopsy of histological studies, structural changes in the spleen parenchyma were determined. Results. The results obtained by the authors demonstrated the presence of changes in peripheral blood parameters in patients who died from SARS-CoV-2 due to pneumonia. In the first 10 days of the disease, there is a decrease in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin content and an increase in ESR; this indicates a deterioration in the transport function of blood. An increase in the duration of the disease is accompanied by the normalization of the hemoglobin content, and the number of erythrocytes, while maintaining a high level of ESR. This data allows us to consider that the transport function is improving but not completely restored. In the study of indicators of white blood in the period up to 10 days of the disease, a stable tendency to leukocytosis due to neutrophilia was established. The content of lymphocytes remains within the physiological corridor. Drew attention to the increase in platelet; the content of other components of white blood remained within the physiological corridor during the entire period of the disease. In the early stages of the disease, degenerative changes in follicles, the presence of a homogeneous substance with the inclusion of lumps of hemosiderin, and remnants of erythrocytes are recorded in the spleen. With an increase in the duration of the disease, these changes persist, and thickening (fibrosis) of the vessel walls is added to them. Converts into weight a decrease in the number of platelets during these periods of the disease. In general, we can talk about the presence of signs of flaccid inflammation against the background of degenerative changes in the spleen. Conclusions. Based on the data obtained, the authors believe that changes in the functional characteristics of peripheral blood during the deployment and course of SARS-CoV-2 are caused by pneumonia, associated with the direct effect of the COVID-19 virus on erythrocytes, and with changes in the spleen, which are also caused by the immediate impact of the virus.

SARS-CoV-2-pneumonia, spleen, peripheral blood.

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«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 4 (162), 2021 year, 136-140 pages, index UDK [616-008.841.5+611.41]:616.24-002

10.29254/2077-4214-2021-4-162-136-140