Evaluation of the Role of Factors Affecting Bone Mineral Density in Children and Adolescents in Ac- cordance with the Obtained Ultrasound Densitometry

Kolesnyk P., Kolesnyk A., Tsyapets G., Sverenyak G.

CONTENTS

Scentific article

This paper deals with the evaluation of the role of factors that affect the bone mineral density in children and adolescents basing on the results of ultrasound densitometry. For the first time in the Transcarpath- ian region there have been held the definition of the mineralization of bone in children and adolescents by means of ultrasound densitometry. Indicators of bone mineral density, as evidenced by the presence of osteopenia (T -score < -1. 5) were reported in 6. 7 % of subjects. It should be noted that most children with lower results were found the largest number of fractures. At the same time, there have been evaluated the influence of several factors on the mineralization of bone in different age periods. In analyzing the performance of ultrasound densitometry was found significant difference in bone mineral density in the group of adolescents: boys (0. 55 ±0. 02) compared with girls (0,48 ±0,02), (p <0,05). In analyzing the performance of ultrasound densitometry was found significant difference of quantitative ultrasound index in adolescents, with the girls it was probably higher (104. 3±7. 8) than boys (95. 4±6. 9) (p < 0. 002). Fracture incidence rates depend on age and decreased with age. In the pupils of a secondary high school was a direct correlation between BMI and sex. As a result of the correlation analysis of the role of the factors that affect the bone mineral density, it has been found that they vary in groups according to their age: with the pupils from the primary school the bone density indi- cators correlate with the amount of used milk and milk products. In average children of group consumed milk and/or dairy milk products in an amount 5. 4 ±0. 7 servings a week. BMD in this age group depended on the consumption of milk and dairy products. With the pupils of the secondary school age densitometry T -score correlates with the level of physical activity. The more physical activity was, the higher was the T -score (Pearson correlation coefficient (r = 0. 049). The study proved that the more physical activity was the higher was the rate of bone mineralization. The study of the higher school group revealed the direct correlation between body mass index and gender. The frequency of fracture incidence depends on the age and decreases with the age. We failed to identify the effect of smoking on bone mineral density in the surveyed adolescence pupils. But in the group of the surveyed women the negative effect of risk factors on bone mineralization has been registered. Conclusions. For the first time in the Transcarpathian region we have conducted the determination of the bone mineral density in children and adolescents by means of modern methods of ultrasound densitometry. With the help of self-developed questionnaire it became possible to detect the role of factors that affect bone mineralization in different age. Bone mineral density depends upon the age: it is the largest with school children of 14-16 years. It seems to be different between boys and girls in different age groups. Having analyzed the role of external factors that affect the bone mineral density we have found that they are different in different age : with the children of 7-8 the bone mineralization is directly dependent on the amount of the used milk and milk products; with the adolescents of 12-15 years it correlates with the duration of the outdoor activities including sport. While assessing the role of risk factors we have found the impact of smoking on bone mineral density with adolescents. However, this dependence has been found only with the adult women from the control group. The low bone mineral density is correlated with the high prevalence of fractures in children and adolescents.

osteoporosis, osteopenia, adolescents, densitometry

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«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 3 part 1 (110), 2014 year, 169-172 pages, index UDK 616. 71-007. 234