ONTOLOGY OF CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS OF VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR APPARATUS

Khmara T. V., Ryznychuk M. O, Chyfurko I. T., Batranovska S. O., Petriuk A. Ye.

LITERATURE REVIEWS

Scentific article

Abstract. Among all congenital pathologies that occur in ENT practice, congenital malformations (CM) of the vestibulocochlear apparatus form 50%, thus the study of the structural and functional organization of the vestibulocochlear apparatus is still relevant and important for further research concerning the treatment of CM. The frequency of anomalies of the inner ear in individuals with CM of the outer and middle ear is 11-30%. However, different embryogenesis of the structures of the outer, middle and inner ear causes the occurrence of CM of the outer or middle ear without CM of the inner ear and vice versa. The etiology of some CM of the outer, middle and inner ear is still not fully understood and varies widely from 0.83 to 17.4 per 10,000 newborns. The influence of ecological and genetic factors on the development of anomalies of the human vestibulocochlear apparatus is proved. As well as the impact of the mother’s pernicious habits on the development of the fetus can be partially identified, which can also lead to these anomalies. At medical and genetic counseling it is necessary to collect a thorough history of pregnancy and find out the factors that affected the fetus during pregnancy (medication, exposure to viruses, bacteria, fungi, the presence of bad habits of mother and father, trauma, diabetes, etc.) that will help to establish their etiopathogenesis. The stigmas of the dysembryogenesis of the child’s facial and cerebral skull should also be assessed to determine the presence or absence of concomitant abnormalities. After establishing the presumed diagnosis, an early comprehensive assessment by specialists, including an ENT doctor, neurologist, geneticist, is required to determine further tactics for the treatment of the vestibulocochlear apparatus pathology. Based on the analysis of literature, an attempt to summarize the existing information about CM of the outer, middle and inner ear is made, their classification and interpretation of the syndromes that are accompanied by CM of the vestibulocochlear apparatus are suggested. The latter can be divided into typical (independent nosological forms) and atypical (combined with other anomalies or diseases). Also a brief description of the most common hereditary syndromes with CM of the hearing organ is given.

congenital malformations, outer ear, middle ear, inner ear, development, human

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«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 1 (159), 2021 year, 327-332 pages, index UDK 611.831.8.012.013

10.29254/2077-4214-2021-1-159-327-332