Koba L. V., Makarova M. O

THE BIORHYTHMIC FEATURES OF THE STUDENTS


About the author:

Koba L. V., Makarova M. O

Heading:

LITERATURE REVIEWS

Type of article:

Scentific article

Annotation:

The functions and the vital processes of the organism have a rhythmic character. Among the rhythms inherent in a living organism, the circadian rhythm is considered as a rhythm-integrator that coordinates and integrates various biorhythmic changes in the functioning of cells, organs and their systems, processes into the unified time system. A chronotype is a relatively stable time periodization of the person psychophysiological state, including their working capacity which is regarded as the circadian rhythm variant. During university studies, students adapt to the different educational process organization, a higher level of intellectual and psychoemotional stress. They are accompanied by a number of unfavorable conditions, such as the uneven distribution of workload during the day and week, a significant level of physical inactivity, psycho-emotional stress, difficulty in meeting hygiene requirements for sleep and rest, long-term influence of the artificial light sources of different qualitative spectral composition at night, the lack of a rational diet etc. The chronotype of some children and adolescents growing up under the conditions of the educational process is shifted towards the later hours of daily activity. Students tend to shift their chronotype as well. In the literature, the presented results indicate that students with different chronotypes have specific biorhythmic changes as for their body temperature and such indicators of the cardiorespiratory system as heart rate, systolic and diastolic pressure, respiratory rate, lung capacity, minute respiratory volume. So, for students with morning chronotype, the maximum body temperature is fixed at 12 h, the heart rate at rest, the values of systolic and diastolic pressure, the vital capacity of the lungs in the morning are greater than for the students with the evening chronotype. For students with an arrhythmic chronotype, the maximum body temperature is fixed at 12 h and at 15 h, and the maximum duration of inhalation and exhalation is also typical. Students with an evening chronotype have a higher vital capacity of the lungs in the morning than arrhythmic ones as well as, the maximum indices of respiratory volume. Assessing the dynamics of changes in the working capacity efficiency and the adaptation process according to the indices of the cardiovascular system of first-year students the following tendencies have been established. Firstly, students with different chronotypes achieve maximum intellectual performance on different days of the week: students with the morning type- on Wednesday, the evening type – on Tuesday and Friday, the arrhythmic type – on Thursday. Secondly, considering the cardiovascular system state indicators and their correlation analysis results we can assume that students with the indifferent and the evening chronotype are in the stage of an acute adaptive reaction (initial adaptation) by the end of the first course, and students with the morning type are on the unstable adaptation stage. Students with the indifferent chronotype are believed to be the most adapted to the learning process, since their biological rhythms make it possible to distribute the load during the day. Students’ biorhythmic features have a significant impact on the speed of their adaptation to the educational process conditions, which determine the physiological systems capability to maintain the optimal performance under the conditions of intellectual and emotional stress during the working day, week and semester. These features should be taken into account to develop the schedule of classes, planning and organization of various types of students’ work.

Tags:

chronotype, students, physiological features, biorhythmic features. Р

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Publication of the article:

«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 2 Part 1 (150), 2019 year, 35-41 pages, index UDK 612:57.034:378

DOI: