Fedorchenko I. L., Stepanchuk A. P.

MORPHOLOGY OF LARGE HUMAN OIL SEAL AND CLINICAL ASPECTS


About the author:

Fedorchenko I. L., Stepanchuk A. P.

Heading:

LITERATURE REVIEWS

Type of article:

Scentific article

Annotation:

The review examines the structural organization and age characteristics of the human greater omentum, which determine its uniqueness and functional diversity in the human body. The human greater omentum has a diverse shape, which is determined by its loose part. The omentum can be unilobar, bilobar and multilobar. The base of each lobe is usually below and rarely above the transverse colon, and their lower edges are rounded. The unilobar shape of the greater omentum is most often observed. The shape of the unilobar greater omentum may be quadrangular or triangular, but the bilobar omentum is rare. The multilobar shape of the greater omentum is observed less rarely than the bilobar one. In 22 cases out of 97, the greater omentum was dissected into 3-6 lobes in the loose part and only in 1 case the dissection of fragments reached the greater curvature of the stomach. The article discusses the protective properties of «milky spots» of the greater omentum – the specialized formations, involved in specific immunological reactions and its use in the reconstructive and plastic surgery. It has been established that there are three types of «milky spots»: primary (found in the fetus, newborns and children under 5 years), passive (containing adipose cells) and active secondary. The «milky spots» of the greater omentum appear in the midst of prenatal development of the embryo and exist throughout the human life. They are found all over the greater omentum, both in the area of the gastrointestinal ligament (the fixed part of the greater omentum), and on the anterior and posterior plates of its loose part. The stroma of the «milky spots» is made up of mesothelial and reticular cells. Numerous macrophages, lymphocytes, adipocytes, plasma and mast cells have been identified as part of the «milky spots». Due to their cellular composition and stable structure, they are a source of emergency release of free macrophages and lymphocytes into the abdominal cavity with subsequent phagocytosis and antibodies formation. It has been found out that the greater omentum is a significant factor in the fight against infection in the abdominal cavity due to its mobility and ability to form a dividing shaft around the intra-abdominal inflammation, which is ensured by its active migration to the sites of infection. The development of connective tissue in the abdominal cavity during the formation of the connection process with the participation of the greater omentum should be considered in the dynamics of integration of pathological processes such as inflammation, proliferation and fibrosis. At the same time, the methods of study and their use for the detection of rare pathologies of the omentum have been analyzed.

Tags:

human greater omentum, milk spots, arteries, reconstructive plastic surgery

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Publication of the article:

«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 3 (152), 2019 year, 36-40 pages, index UDK 611.382+616.382.1

DOI: