PECULIARITIES OF VARIABILITY OF HEART RHYTHM AND DYNAMICS OF EXCITATION IN HEART OF ATHLETES

Lukyantseva G. V., Pastukhova V. A.

SPORT MEDICINE

Scentific article

An ECG analysis of 49 athletes showed that 100% of those surveyed had a sinus rhythm, of which 46 were regular. In 26 athletes, a difference in the morphology of the P tooth was detected, which, together with slight oscillations of the rhythm, indicates the spontaneous activity of several ectopic foci. In other words, these athletes have a multifocal atrial rhythm, that is, the migration of the rhythm driver within the sinus node (the rhythm was different but regular). One T-wave deformation examined in the 2nd standard lead after 2 sinus contractions, which indicates premature atrial contraction (presence of atrial extrasystole). Two of the heart rate oscillations examined showed sinus arrhythmia, and one of them had atrial extrasystole. In 59% of those surveyed, they noted sinus bradycardia – heart rate was equal to or less than 60 beats/min. This decrease in senoatrial node automation was not accompanied by impaired conduction or heterotropic rhythm of the heart, so it should be interpreted as bradycardia of high training. In 14 athletes did not find a negative chronotropic effect, tachycardia in the survey was not registered. In the analysis of the tooth P it is established in 86% of the examined changes, which indicates the changes in the atrial myocardium. The ECG recorded a decrease in amplitude, splitting of the tooth P, its inversion, indicating a violation of excitability and conductivity of the atria. In 2 cases, changes in the type of P-pulmonale were detected. This leads to the conclusion about the presence of hypertrophy and dilatation of the right atrium. A decrease in the duration of the PQ interval was observed in 14% of the surveyed, indicating a decrease in the time of atrioventricular conduction. Analysis in the ventricles showed the phenomenon of left ventricular hypertrophy, in 16% of the survey – right ventricular hypertrophy. The changes in the ventricular myocardium – violation of holding the right leg of the bundle of Gis, insufficiency of blood supply to the myocardium due to his hypertrophy. Analysis of the Q – T interval revealed an excess of its duration, which may be due to hypertrophy of the myocardium or impairment of its contractile function.

heart rate, athletes, athletes, ECG

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«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 3 (152), 2019 year, 344-346 pages, index UDK 796.42.071:612.172

10.29254/2077-4214-2019-3-152-344-346